Chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda dropped the case against Kenyatta after determining she did not have enough evidence to put him on trial for crimes against humanity.
Here are key facts on the court’s indictments, all in Africa.
INDICTMENTS:
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
The Democratic Republic of Congo’s former vice president Jean-Pierre Bemba, whose rebel army is accused of atrocities in the Central African Republic, has been detained by the ICC and charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. Bensouda in September 2014 opened a second formal probe into violence committed since 2012 between Christian and Muslim communities.
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
The ICC sentenced Congolese warlord Thomas Lubanga in 2012 to 14 years in prison for conscripting children into his rebel army in 2002-2003, the court’s first verdict ever. It upheld the decision on appeal in December 2014.
Congolese militia leader Germain Katanga was in May sentenced to 12 years for arming an ethnic militia that carried out a village massacre in 2003.
Another militia leader, Bosco Ntaganda is also on trial.
IVORY COAST
Former president Laurent Gbagbo, in custody, faces four counts of crimes against humanity over months of deadly fighting after he refused to accept defeat in a November 2010 presidential election. His youth leader, Charles Ble Goude, is also in the ICC’s custody, while an arrest warrant for Gbagbo’s wife Simone has been issued.
KENYA
With the case dropped against Kenyatta, two other Kenyans including Deputy President William Ruto face trial for their alleged roles in the post-election violence that gripped the country in 2007-2008.
LIBYA
Muammar Gadhafi’s son Seif al-Islam is wanted by the ICC for crimes against humanity for his alleged role in the repression of the popular uprising which led to the fall of his father’s regime.
He is currently in custody in Libya.
MALI
The ICC has opened a war crimes probe into fighting in Mali between northern Islamist insurgents and the Malian army, backed by French forces.
RWANDA
Warlord Sylvestre Mudacumura, military commander of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), is wanted by the court on accusations of murder, rape and using child soldiers.
SUDAN
Four Sudanese — including President Omar al-Bashir, who is accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide — are on the ICC’s wanted list as part of a probe into the conflict in the western region of Darfur.
The ICC has also issued an arrest warrant for Abdallah Banda, accused of attacking African Union peacekeepers in the conflict-ridden country in 2007.
UGANDA
The ICC issued arrest warrants for Joseph Kony and other commanders of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in 2005 for crimes against humanity and war crimes, including the use of child soldiers and sex slavery.