At 9.30am (0830 GMT), the Argentinian pontiff will pronounce the words “Aperite mihi Porta Iustitiae” – Latin for “open to me the gates of justice” – and the door, which is normally bricked up, will be opened.
Tens of thousands of pilgrims are expected in St Peter’s Square and images of the ceremony, in which Francis will be followed through the door by dozens of cardinals, bishops, nuns and monks, will be beamed live around the world.
In Catholic tradition, the opening of “Holy Doors” in Rome symbolises an invitation from the Church to believers to enter into a renewed relationship with God.
Francis’s predecessor Benedict XVI, who has lived in seclusion within the Vatican since retiring in 2013 because of failing health, has accepted an invitation to attend Tuesday’s ceremony.
It will be a rare public outing for the German ex-pontiff. His last one was for the canonisation of former popes John Paul II and John XXIII in April 2014.
The 88-year-old, said to be extremely frail, is not expected to stay for the mass on St Peter’s Square that will follow the door’s opening.
Tuesday evening will see images by some of the world’s greatest environmental photographers projected onto the facade of Saint Peter’s in an initiative linked to the ongoing global climate conference in Paris.