His sons Alaa and Gamal each received four-year jail terms, and four other defendants were acquitted.
They were accused of embezzling more than $14 million (Sh1.2bn) earmarked for the maintenance of presidential palaces.
Mubarak, 86, wearing a grey suit, sat on a wheelchair in the caged dock for the verdict. His sons, in white prison issue clothing, stood beside him.
Mubarak had technically been a free man after a court ordered his release last year following the end of the permitted detention period, but has since remained out of sight in a military hospital.
He is now likely to be returned to prison.